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the

They are the same direction according to the camera coordinate system, correct?

mpotoole

Yes. The vector going in the direction $x$ and the vector going in the direction $PX$ are parallel to one another.

the

Thanks!

ml2

Could you explain again why they are parallel?

mpotoole

The 2D (homogeneous) image point $x$ and the 3D point $PX$ (transformed into the camera's coordinate system) both point in the same direction. Here, the origin of the camera is at $(0,0,0)$. If we were to cast out a ray towards the 3D point $PX$, the ray would intersect the image plane at $x$. The vectors pointing towards points $PX$ and $x$ are therefore parallel.

Because of this, the cross product between $x$ and $PX$ must be zero.