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George

Could anyone explain to me why the last derivative formula correspond to the filter at the bottom right? f(x+1) is the pixel that is at the right of x and f(x-1) is the pixel at the left of x, therefore the filter should be [-1 0 1] and not the other way around.

motoole2

The correct answer here is [1 0 -1], under the assumption that this derivative filter is being applied through a convolution operation. If it were a correlation operation, then you'd be correct in saying the filter should be [-1 0 1]. See this slide for the definitions of both, and try plugging in the definition of this derivative filter.